The EU Enacts the World's First Law on Artificial Intelligence

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The European Union has taken a significant step in establishing a legal framework for artificial intelligence (AI). 

This comprehensive legislation aims to ensure the safety, respect for fundamental rights, and adherence to European values in the use of AI systems within the EU. 

Notably, the law is designed to be "future-proof," allowing adaptation to new technologies and changes to maintain innovation pace. Balancing innovation with the protection of fundamental rights is a central theme, emphasizing the ethical and responsible development of AI. 

The law includes a system of supervision and sanctions, with the creation of an AI Office linked to the European Commission, ensuring effective compliance. Special attention is given to regulating generative models and biometric surveillance, addressing ethical and privacy concerns.

Transparency in generative models and adherence to copyright in data usage are key aspects. The gradual implementation of the law aims for an orderly transition to a more robust regulatory framework, with certain parts coming into force earlier than others to facilitate adaptation for AI developers and end users.


**Summary of AI Legislation:**

**Bans:**

- *Biometric Categorization:* Prohibits AI systems from categorizing people based on political, religious, philosophical beliefs, sexual orientation, or race.

- *Facial Databases:* Prohibits the use of AI to expand or create facial databases through indiscriminate data capture via the internet, audiovisual recordings, or television.

- *Emotion Recognition:* Prohibits the use of AI systems for emotion recognition in workplaces and educational institutions.

- *Social Scoring:* Prohibits AI systems from assigning scores to individuals based on social behavior or personal characteristics.

- *Behavior Manipulation and Exploitation of Vulnerabilities:* Prohibits AI systems designed to manipulate human behavior or exploit specific vulnerabilities, such as age, social, or economic situation.


**Strict Regulations:**

- *Real-Time Biometric Surveillance:* Permitted but strictly limited in public spaces. Only law enforcement agencies can use it under strict safeguards and with judicial authorization for specific cases.

- *Generative AI Models:* Systems based on generative models, like ChatGPT, must meet transparency criteria. This includes specifying when content (text, song, photo) has been generated by AI and ensuring that the data used for training respects copyright. Note: Difficult to fulfill given the current inability to definitively identify AI-generated text.

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